Flowchart _ Adverse Possession

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πŸ” FLOWCHART 1: ADVERSE POSSESSION – SUCCESS TEST

START
↓
Nature of Entry?
β”œβ”€ Permissive (licence / tenancy / friendship)
β”‚ ↓
β”‚ Clear Repudiation of Owner’s Title?
β”‚ β”œβ”€ NO β†’ ❌ FAIL (No Adverse Possession)
β”‚ └─ YES
β”‚
└─ Trespass / Void Sale / Forcible Entry
↓
Hostile Possession (Animus Possidendi)?
↓
Open & Notorious?
↓
Exclusive & Continuous?
↓
To Knowledge of True Owner?
↓
Completed 12 Years (Statutory Period)?
↓
YES β†’ βœ… TITLE PERFECTED BY ADVERSE POSSESSION
NO β†’ ❌ CLAIM FAILSΒ 
START
↓
Nature of Entry?
β”œβ”€ Permissive (licence / tenancy / friendship)
β”‚ ↓
β”‚ Clear Repudiation of Owner’s Title?
β”‚ β”œβ”€ NO β†’ ❌ FAIL (No Adverse Possession)
β”‚ └─ YES
β”‚
└─ Trespass / Void Sale / Forcible Entry
↓
Hostile Possession (Animus Possidendi)?
↓
Open & Notorious?
↓
Exclusive & Continuous?
↓
To Knowledge of True Owner?
↓
Completed 12 Years (Statutory Period)?
↓
YES β†’ βœ… TITLE PERFECTED BY ADVERSE POSSESSION
NO β†’ ❌ CLAIM FAILS

πŸ“Œ Use in answer:
β€œApplying the settled test of hostile, open, continuous and exclusive possession…”

πŸ” FLOWCHART 2: PERMISSIVE vs ADVERSE POSSESSION

PERMISSIVE POSSESSION
(consent of owner)
↓
No Hostility
↓
No Limitation Runs
↓
❌ Cannot Ripen
↓
UNLESS
↓
Clear Repudiation + Knowledge of Owner
↓
Limitation StartsΒ 
PERMISSIVE POSSESSION
(consent of owner)
↓
No Hostility
↓
No Limitation Runs
↓
❌ Cannot Ripen
↓
UNLESS
↓
Clear Repudiation + Knowledge of Owner
↓
Limitation Starts

πŸ“Œ Case law line to add:
Thakur Kishan Singh v. Arvind Kumar (1994)

πŸ” FLOWCHART 3: BURDEN OF PROOF

Claimant Pleads Adverse Possession
↓
Must Prove:
β€’ Date of hostile entry
β€’ Nature of hostility
β€’ Continuity
β€’ Knowledge of owner
↓
Failure to Prove ANY ONE
↓
❌ CLAIM FAILS
Claimant Pleads Adverse Possession
↓
Must Prove:
β€’ Date of hostile entry
β€’ Nature of hostility
β€’ Continuity
β€’ Knowledge of owner
↓
Failure to Prove ANY ONE
↓
❌ CLAIM FAILS

πŸ“Œ Case law:
Hemaji Waghaji Jat v. Bhikhabhai (2009)

πŸ•’ TIMELINE DIAGRAM 1: HOSTILE FROM INCEPTION (SUCCESS)

1990 2002
|------------------|
Trespass 12 Years Completed
(Hostile) ↓
Title Perfected
↓
Suit Filed in 2010
↓
❌ BARRED BY LIMITATION
1990 2002
|——————|
Trespass 12 Years Completed
(Hostile) ↓
Title Perfected
↓
Suit Filed in 2010
↓
❌ BARRED BY LIMITATION

πŸ“Œ Use when: forcible entry / trespass
πŸ“Œ Case law: Karnataka Board of Wakf v. Govt. of India

πŸ•’ TIMELINE DIAGRAM 2: PERMISSIVE β†’ REPUDIATION (SUCCESS)

1985 2000 2012
|---------------|-------------|
Permissive Clear Denial 12 Years
Possession of Title Completed
↓
Limitation Starts

1985 2000 2012
|—————|————-|
Permissive Clear Denial 12 Years
Possession of Title Completed
↓
Limitation Starts

πŸ“Œ Key exam line:
β€œLimitation begins not from entry, but from repudiation.”

πŸ“Œ Case law: Saroop Singh v. Banto

πŸ•’ TIMELINE DIAGRAM 3: PERMISSIVE WITHOUT REPUDIATION (FAILURE)

1980 2020
|-----------------------------|
Permissive Possession
(No denial of title)
↓
Limitation NEVER Starts
↓
❌ Adverse Possession FAILS
1980 2020
|—————————–|
Permissive Possession
(No denial of title)
↓
Limitation NEVER Starts
↓
❌ Adverse Possession FAILS

πŸ“Œ Case law: Thakur Kishan Singh v. Arvind Kumar

πŸ•’ TIMELINE DIAGRAM 4: CO-OWNER CASE (OUSTER REQUIRED)

1980 2020
|------------------------|
Exclusive Possession by B
(No denial of A’s rights)
↓
Presumed Joint Possession
↓
❌ No Adverse Possession
1980 2020
|————————|
Exclusive Possession by B
(No denial of A’s rights)
↓
Presumed Joint Possession
↓
❌ No Adverse Possession

πŸ“Œ Case law: P. Lakshmi Reddy v. L. Lakshmi Reddy

πŸ•’ TIMELINE DIAGRAM 5: VOID SALE DEED (SUCCESS)

1995 2007
|—————-|
Void Sale 12 Years
Deed Entry Completed
(Claim as owner)
↓
Hostile Possession
↓
βœ… Title Perfected

1995 2007
|----------------|
Void Sale 12 Years
Deed Entry Completed
(Claim as owner)
↓
Hostile Possession
↓
βœ… Title Perfected

πŸ“Œ Case law: Nair Service Society v. K.C. Alexander

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40 thoughts on “Flowchart _ Adverse Possession”

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