10 tricky, exam-oriented case studies on remand, each linked to leading Supreme Court precedents.

---

🧠 1️⃣ Custody in One FIR, Remand in Another

Problem

Accused is in judicial custody in FIR-1. Police seek police custody in FIR-2 without formally arresting him in FIR-2. Is it valid?

Law

❌ Not valid without formal arrest and production.

Authority

Pradeep Ram v. State of Jharkhand

---

🧠 2️⃣ Default Bail Applied After Charge-Sheet Filed

Problem

Statutory period expired. Before accused files default bail application, charge-sheet is filed. Can accused claim default bail?

Law

❌ Right lost if application not filed before charge-sheet.

Authority

Sanjay Dutt v. State

---

🧠 3️⃣ Application Filed After Expiry but Before Filing Charge-Sheet

Problem

Accused applies for default bail on Day 91. Charge-sheet filed later same day. Is bail maintainable?

Law

✅ Yes. Right crystallizes on expiry + filing application.

Authority

Uday Mohanlal Acharya v. State of Maharashtra

---

🧠 4️⃣ Wrong Calculation of 60 vs 90 Days

Problem

Offence punishable “up to 10 years.” Court grants 90 days instead of 60. Valid?

Law

❌ 60 days applies where punishment is up to 10 years.

Authority

Rakesh Kumar Paul v. State of Assam

---

🧠 5️⃣ Magistrate Grants Remand Without Recording Reasons

Problem

Remand order is mechanical; no reasons recorded. Challengeable?

Law

❌ Yes. Remand must reflect judicial application of mind.

Authority

Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar

---

🧠 6️⃣ Arrest Without Necessity

Problem

Accused arrested for offence punishable up to 3 years without Section 41A notice. Remand granted. Legal?

Law

❌ Arrest invalid; remand vulnerable.

Authority

Joginder Kumar v. State of Uttar Pradesh

---

🧠 7️⃣ Police Custody After First 15 Days

Problem

Police seek custody after accused has been in judicial custody for 20 days. Permissible?

Law

❌ Police custody only within first 15 days of remand cycle.

Authority

CBI v. Anupam J. Kulkarni

---

🧠 8️⃣ UAPA Extension Without Proper Public Prosecutor Report

Problem

Court extends remand to 180 days without detailed report of Public Prosecutor. Valid?

Law

❌ Extension requires reasoned report and judicial satisfaction.

Authority

Hitendra Vishnu Thakur v. State of Maharashtra

---

🧠 9️⃣ Custody Beyond 24 Hours Without Production

Problem

Accused produced after 30 hours. Remand granted. Valid?

Law

❌ Violates Article 22(2) & CrPC.

Authority

D. K. Basu v. State of West Bengal

---

🧠 🔟 Default Bail in One Case but Custody Continues in Another

Problem

Accused gets default bail in FIR-1 but remains in jail due to FIR-2. Is release automatic?

Law

❌ Release only in that specific case; custody continues if valid in FIR-2.

Authority

Pradeep Ram v. State of Jharkhand

---

🎯 Core Exam Traps Covered

✔ Multiple FIR remand manipulation
✔ Police custody limits
✔ Default bail timing traps
✔ UAPA extension errors
✔ Mechanical remand orders
✔ 60 vs 90 day confusion
✔ Arrest illegality impact on remand