DELHI JUDICIAL SERVICES (DJS)
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT – ACTUAL PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (TOPIC-WISE)
🔷 A. SECTION 138 – FOUNDATION QUESTIONS
📝 Asked Directly / Repeated
-
“What are the essential ingredients required to constitute an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act? Discuss.”
(DJS Mains – repeatedly asked) -
“Whether all the conditions mentioned in the proviso to Section 138 are mandatory? Explain.”
-
“What is meant by the expression ‘legally enforceable debt or liability’ under Section 138?”
(DJS Mains – 10/15 marks)
🔷 B. PRESUMPTIONS – SECTIONS 118 & 139
-
“Explain the statutory presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. Whether these presumptions are rebuttable?”
(DJS Mains – frequent) -
“Whether presumption under Section 139 includes the presumption as to existence of legally enforceable debt?”
-
“What is the standard of proof required to rebut the presumption under Section 139?”
🔷 C. DISHONOUR & NATURE OF CHEQUE
-
“Whether dishonour of cheque on account of ‘stop payment’ instructions attracts Section 138?”
-
“Whether a cheque issued as security falls within the purview of Section 138 of the NI Act?”
(DJS Mains – very frequent) -
“What is the legal effect of issuing a signed blank cheque?”
🔷 D. STATUTORY NOTICE – SECTION 138(b)
-
“Whether service of notice under Section 138(b) is mandatory? What is the effect of refusal or non-claim of notice?”
(DJS Mains – repeated) -
“Whether absence of proof of actual service of notice is fatal to a complaint under Section 138?”
-
“Whether a defective or vague notice vitiates proceedings under Section 138?”
🔷 E. LIMITATION & CAUSE OF ACTION
-
“When does the cause of action arise for filing a complaint under Section 138 of the NI Act?”
-
“Whether repeated presentation of cheque gives rise to a fresh cause of action?”
(DJS Mains – direct)
🔷 F. JURISDICTION – SECTION 142
-
“Which court has territorial jurisdiction to try an offence under Section 138 of the NI Act?”
-
“Discuss the effect of the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Act, 2015 on territorial jurisdiction under Section 142.”
(DJS Mains – post-2015)
🔷 G. OFFENCE BY COMPANY – SECTION 141
-
“Discuss the concept of vicarious liability under Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act.”
-
“Whether prosecution under Section 138 is maintainable against directors without impleading the company?”
(DJS Mains – directly asked) -
“Whether a non-executive / independent director can be prosecuted under Section 138 of the NI Act?”
🔷 H. PROCEDURE & EVIDENCE
-
“Whether evidence by affidavit is permissible in proceedings under Section 138 of the NI Act?”
-
“Whether a complaint under Section 138 can be filed and prosecuted through a Power of Attorney holder?”
🔷 I. INTERIM COMPENSATION & APPEALS
-
“Discuss the power of the court to grant interim compensation under Section 143A of the Negotiable Instruments Act.”
-
“Whether appellate court can direct deposit of cheque amount during pendency of appeal?”
🔷 J. COMPOUNDING & ABATEMENT
-
“Whether offence under Section 138 is compoundable? If so, at what stage?”
(DJS Mains – repeated) -
“What is the effect of death of the accused during pendency of proceedings under Section 138?”
🧠 DELHI JUDICIARY EXAM TREND (IMPORTANT)
✔️ 60–70% questions revolve around Sections 138, 139 & 141
✔️ Examiner expects:
-
Clear statutory reference
-
2–3 Supreme Court judgments minimum
-
Structured answer (Issue → Law → Case-law → Conclusion)
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