🔴 JURISDICTION FLOWCHART

A. CRIMINAL JURISDICTION (CrPC)

Offence committed?
↓
Where was it committed?
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Court of that place has jurisdiction (S.177)
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Was offence committed in multiple places OR is continuing?
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Yes → Any of those courts (S.178)
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Did consequence occur at a different place?
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Yes → Court where consequence ensued also has jurisdiction (S.179)
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Emergency / refusal to register FIR?
↓
Zero FIR anywhere → transfer later

A. CRIMINAL JURISDICTION (BNSS)

Offence committed?
↓
Where was the offence committed?
↓
Court of that local area has jurisdiction (S. 199 BNSS)
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Was offence committed in more than one area OR is continuing?
↓
Yes → Any such court has jurisdiction (S. 200 BNSS)
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Did consequence of offence occur elsewhere?
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Yes → Court where consequence ensued also has jurisdiction (S. 201 BNSS)
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Immediate reporting required?
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Zero FIR at any police station → transfer to competent court

B. CIVIL JURISDICTION (CPC)
Is dispute about immovable property?
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Yes → Court where property is situated (S.16)
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No
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Where does defendant reside / work / carry business?
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That court has jurisdiction (S.20)
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Where did cause of action arise?
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Any court where whole or part of cause of action arose (S.20)
CrPC = Crime place

CPC = Defendant place

Property = Property location

Cyber/Continuing crime = Multiple courts

Matrimonial = Wife’s convenience

📝 EXAM READY CONCLUSION LINE

“In criminal law, territorial jurisdiction is governed by the place of commission of offence and its consequence, whereas in civil law jurisdiction depends upon the residence of defendant or place where cause of action wholly or partly arises.

comparative view of jurisdiction under CrPC (old), BNSS (new), and CPC. This is a classic law-exam / concept question, so here’s a clear, side-by-side breakdown 👇

1️⃣ Nature of Jurisdiction

2️⃣ Territorial Jurisdiction (Place of Trial / Suit)

📌 Criminal law focuses on place of offence
📌 Civil law focuses on defendant & cause of action

3️⃣ Subject-Matter Jurisdiction

4️⃣ Pecuniary Jurisdiction (Value-based)

📌 Only CPC recognizes pecuniary jurisdiction

5️⃣ Special Jurisdiction Rules

6️⃣ Transfer of Cases

🔑 One-Line Exam Ready Summary

CrPC & BNSS determine jurisdiction mainly on the place and nature of offence, whereas CPC determines jurisdiction based on defendant’s location, cause of action, and pecuniary value.